Cavalleria rusticana

Teatro Massimo di Palermo

Aida

La Traviata

Comunale Nouveau

The staging of Tosca, Puccini's masterpiece, by Massimo Popolizio and conducted by Michele Gamba, returns to the Maggio. On January 14, 1900 at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome, Tosca made its debut, an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini to a libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa. The source is Victorien Sardou's historical drama La Tosca, written in 1887 specifically for actress Sarah Bernhardt. Puccini was inflamed for that subject after attending a theatrical performance and did everything he could to turn it into an opera. However, the Ricordi publisher initially entrusted the project to another composer, Alberto Franchetti, only to then put it back in the hands of Puccini in 1895. To make Tosca's libretto, the Illica-Giacosa tandem, already successfully tested in La bohème, was reconfirmed. But the work proceeds slowly and with numerous complaints from the librettists. Both consider Sardou's drama unsuitable for operatic transposition due to too many events that prevail over poetry. Puccini, on the other hand, for his part does not care and following only his musical intuition in 1899 he signs what will soon become another of his great masterpieces. Tosca is therefore a work of action where the tension never relaxes and in which the musical discourse must necessarily proceed without stopping, with rare exceptions. This leads the composer from Lucca to adopt a narrative technique based on a dense network of short and recurring motifs - often combined with each other - to comment on the frenetic unfolding of the story. The action is set in papal Rome at the time of the battle of Marengo. The protagonists Floria Tosca, passionate and strong-willed prima donna squared, and her lover Mario Cavaradossi, a painter with liberal and convinced anticlerical sympathies, are hindered by Baron Scarpia, chief of the Bourbon police at the service of the papacy. Animated by murky passions and innate evil, the baron, like a sadistic puppeteer, determines the course of events from start to finish. Fierce persecutor of Mario first, and of Tosca then, (until he is murdered by the woman after an attempted violence) Scarpia continues to hover like a ghost in the orchestra even when dead with the repetition of his threatening theme built on the tritone, the sinister interval that has been associated with Evil in music for centuries. But the dramatic atmosphere of the story, which includes three violent deaths on stage (a stabbing, a shooting and a suicide), is further accentuated by Puccini also through an orchestral writing full of dissonances and tensions, which anticipate the expressionist aesthetics, and a voice often exasperated and pushed to the limit.

Tosca

Maggio Musicale Fiorentino Theatre

California in 1850: hundreds of thousands have fallen for the gold rush – and some of them also for the barkeeper Minnie, at whose saloon various fortune seekers meet every evening. Among them is Sheriff Jack Rance. Minnie, however, falls in love with the stranger Dick Johnson. It soon turns out that Johnson is a wanted robber: the sheriff wants to see him hang and have Minnie to himself. A round of poker is to decide about Dick’s life: is there yet another trump up Minnie’s sleeve?

Claudio Sgura

Events

Past events

12 - 20 Sep, 2026

Cavalleria rusticana · Teatro Massimo

22 - 31 May, 2026

Aida · Teatro Massimo

Future and recently performed repertoire

Giorgio Germont in La traviata by Verdi

Teatro Comunale di Bologna

Jack Rance in La Fanciulla del West by Puccini

Staatsoper Hamburg

Scarpia in Tosca by Puccini

Teatro del Maggio Musicale Fiorentino

Alfio in Cavalleria rusticana by Mascagni

Teatro Massimo

Amonasro in Aida by Verdi

Teatro Massimo

About

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